Imperial, Royal & Princely Indian States: T States

T
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Tajpuri in Bombay
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Tal
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Talegaon Dabhade
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TALCHER
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Talsana
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Tanawal state (see Amb) Pakistani Frontier state
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Tanjore Political Pensioner
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Tappa
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Taraon in Madhya Pradesh
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Tavi

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TEHRI-GARHWAL

823 Garhwal (Grihavala) state founded.
1791 - 1804 Nepalese protectorate. 1804 - 1815 Garhwal state extinguished by Nepal.
1812 British protectorate (in force from 21 Apr 1815). 1815 Tehri Garhwal state created.

Maharaja of Tehri-Garhwal (title Swasti Shri Maharaja)
1665 - 1716 Fateh Shah
1716 - 1717 Upendra Shah
1717 - 1772 Pradip Shah
1717 - 17.. .... (f) -Regent 1772 - 1780 Lalit Shah
1780 - 1785 Jaykrit Shah
1785 - 1804 Pradyuman Shah
1815 - 1859 Sudarshan Shah
1859 - 1871 Bhawani Shah
1871 - 1887 Pratap Shah
1887 - 1913 Kirti Shah
1887 - 1888 Vikram Shah, Regent
1888 - 1892 Maharani Gulariyaji, Regent
1913 - 1946 Narendra Shah
1913 - 1919 Maharani Lakshmi Devi, Regent
1946 - 1947 Manabendra Shah

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Tejpura
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Tervada (Terwada)
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Thana Devli
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THANESAR

1850 Annexed by British India.

Rulers
1760 - 17.. Mith Singh
17.. - 1791 Bhag Singh
.... - 1815 Bhanga singh
1815 - 1819 Fateh Singh
1819 - 1830 Mai Jian
1830 - 1844 Ratan Kaur
1844 - 1850 Chand Kaur

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Thara
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THARAD-MORWARA

1759 Tharad state founded.

Thakur of Tharad
1759 - 1786 Khanji
1786 - 1823 Harbhamji Khanji
1823 - 1859 Karansinhji Vanaji
1859 - 1892 Khengarsinhji Vanaji
1892 - 1910 Abhaisinhji Khengarsinhji
1910 - 1921 Daulatsinhji Abhaisinhji
1921 - 1947 Bhimsinhji Daulatsinhji
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THAROCH

bf.1800 Tharoch state founded.
1803 - 1815 Occupied by Nepal.
1841 - 1843 Occupied by Jubbal.

Thakur of Tharoch
1787 - 1803 Lacchu Singh (to 1815 in exile)
1803 - 1815 occupied by Nepal
1815 - 1819 Karam Singh
1819 - 1838 Jhobu
1838 - 1841 Shyam Singh
1841 - 1843 occupied by Jubbal
1843 - 1871 Ranjit Singh
1871 - 1902 Kidar Singh
1902 - 1929 Surat Singh
Rana of Tharoch
1929 - 1944 Surat Singh
1944 - 1947 Baljit Singh
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TIGIRIA

bf.1600 Tigiria state founded.

Raja of Tigiria
1682 - 1742 Sankaraswar Mandhata
1743 - 17.. Gopinath Chamupati Singh
17.. - 1793 Jadumani Rai Singh
1797 - 1844 Jagannath Chamupati Singh
1844 - 1886 Harihar Kshatriya Birbara Chamupati Singh
1886 - 1933 Banamali Kshatriya Birbara Chamupati Singh
1933 - 1943 Sudarshan Kshatriya Birbara Chamupati Singh
1943 - 1947 Brajraj Birbar Kshatriya Chamupati Singh
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Timba
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Toda-Vachhani
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Toda Todi
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TONK

1817 Tonk state founded.
1817 British protectorate.

Nawab of Tonk
1817 - 1834 Amir Khan ibn Hayat Khan
1834 - 1864 Wazir ad-Dowla Mohammad Khan
1864 - 1867 Mohammad `Ali Khan
1867 - 1930 Hafez Mohammad Ebrahim `Ali Khan
1867 - 1870 Sahibzada Ibadullah Khan, Regent
1930 - 1947 Hafez Mohammad Sa`adat `Ali Khan
1947 - 1947 Hafez Mohammad Faruq `Ali Khan

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Torgal vassal state
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Tori-Fatehpur in Madhya Pradesh
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TRAVANCORE (Tiruvankur, Tiruvidamkodu)

c1100 Cheraman dynasty inaugurated; succeeds various successor states of the ancient Cheralam empire.
1795 British protectorate.

Raja of Tiruvankur (officially Chiravai Muppan Padmanabhadasa)
1678 - 1705 Ravi Varma
1678 - 1684 Rani Umayamma, Regent 1705 - 1718 Unni Kerala Varma III
1718 - 1721 Aditya Varma
1721 - 1729 Rama Varma I
1729 - 1758 Martanda Varma I
1758 - 1798 Rama Varma II
1798 - 1810 Bala Rama Varma I
1810 - 1813 Ghauri Lakshmi Bai, Regent (1st time)
1813 - 1846 Rama Varma III
1813 - 1815 Ghauri Lakshmi Bai, Regent (2nd time)
1815 - 1829 Parvathi Bayi, Regent
1846 - 11860 Martanda Varma II
1860 - 1866 Rama Varma IV
Maharaja of Tiruvankur
1866 - 1880 Rama Varma IV
1880 - 1885 Rama Varma V
1885 - 1924 Rama Varma VI
1924 - 1947 Bala Rama Varma II 1924 - 1931 .... (f) -Regent

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TRIPURA

Area: 10,477 sq. km.

History of Tripura in Brief "Tripura, in northeastern India, was a princely state before becoming a part of the Republic of India. It first finds reference in the Ashokan pillars of the 3rd century BC. In the 1300s AD, Tripura came under the control of the Manikya dynasty, a family of Indo-Mongolian origin. In the early part of 17th century AD, Tripura came under the administration of the Mughals. But the local rulers (the Manikyas) continued to retain some of their power. After the British established their colonies in Kolkata, they conquered some parts of modern Tripura but applied no administrative control for more than a century. To the British, Tripura was known as Hill Tippera. Even when a representative was appointed in the year 1871 AD, the Manikya Maharajas had enough independence, though they were asked to seek British approval on the accession of a new ruler. "Monarchy in Tripura ended on 9th September 1947. One of the greatest of the Manikya rulers was Bir Chandra Manikya Bahadur of the 19th century AD. He was a great poet and musician and made an attempt to modernise and organise Tripura's administration, and abolish the practice of slavery and sati. The last ruling Maharaja of Tripura, Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, ascended the throne in 1923 and, before his death in 1947, settled that Tripura should accede to the newly independent country of India. Tripura officially became part of India in 1949, a Union Territory in 1956 and a constituent state of the Indian Union in 1972.

History of Tripura State
"An ancient state in the extreme east of India bordering Bengal, Tripura dates its foundation from the year 100 A.D. The ruling dynasty claims descent from Jayati, Emperor of India during the heroic age. The verifiable history of the state dates only from the middle of the fifteenth century. The earliest recorded history being the epic known as the Rajmala, perhaps the earliest extant work in the Bengali language.

"According to tradition, King Tugral Khan of Bengal, granted the rulers of the dynasty the hereditary title of Manikya in return for the presentation of a costly gem, said to have been obtained from a frog. The title has been used as a unique title by the tulers of Tripura ever since.

"The territories held by the Rajas reached their greatest extent during the 16th century... The Mughals invaded the principality in 1618, and although later forced to withdraw due to an epidemic, the low-lying areas remained under Mughal control thereafter. The territories fell under the administration of HEIC after Lord Clive obtained the diwani of Bengal in 1765. The Tripura raja continuing possession of his large and valuable estates in the British districts as a zamindar, or landlord. The revenues of the Roshnabad zamindari exceeded those of the state of Tripura proper, which the rajas continued to rule directly.

Raja of Tripura (Title of Manikya)
Rajas (tile Maharaj Sri; from 1739 Bisam-Samar-Bijojee Mahamopadhyaya
Pancha-Srijukta Maharaj)

c1352: Raja Ratna, 99th King, received the title of Manikya

Tripur

Trilochan

Dakshiu

Kumar

Pratit, 71st Raja

Maha Manikya, originally known as Cheng-thum-pha, 97th Raja

Rathan-pha upon whom, in 1279, the Gaur sultan conferred the title of Manik, which the Tripura rajas have retained to this day.

1407-1458: Dharma Manikya, son of Maha Manikya, under whose patronage the work on the first part of Rajmala was started. He was a patron of learning and was a great king of the Tripuris. He died after a long and peaceful reign. He was the earliest known king of Tripura having the Manikya title. According to Tripur Vamsabali, Dharma Manikya ruled from 1431-1462. He was a great patron of learning. It is said that he employed the priest Durlabhendra and two Brahmins to write a history of the dynasty.

1458-?: Ratna Manikya who ascended the throne of Tripura at the death of Dharma Manikya may be considered the earliest of the coin issuing rulers ot Tripura.

?-?: Pratap Manikya, son and successor of Ratna Manikya, who was cruel and unpopular. The leaders of the army killed him.

?-?: Mukut Manikya, Pratap Manikya's younger brother, whose reign lasted for a very short time and appears to have come to an end before 1490.

1490-1520: Dhanya Manikya was the greatest of the Tripura kings. With the help of his queen Kamala Devi, he tried to remove a number of baneful cast restrictions among his troops. He consolidated his kingdom by destroying a number of recalcitrant chiefs. Soon Dhanya Manikya had conquered Arakan as well. He was able to limit human sacrifice to three times only in a year and that too when suitable prisoners of war were available. He was a great patron of literature and souch to popularise Bengali. He is considered by many to be the greatest of the Indo-Mongoloid Bodos.

1520-1526: Dhwaja Manikya, probably Dhanya Manikya's eldest son, about whose reign very little is known.

1526-1530?: Deva Manikya, brother of Dhwaja Manikya, was a great devotee of Shakti and conquered Bhulua. He was a tantrik and was murdered by a helping priest who was in league with one of his scheming wives. As per Rajmala, Deva Manikya was murdered in a conspiracy and his son Indra Manikya became ruler of Tripura.

1530-1531?: Indra Manikya, son of Deva Manikya, who ruled for one year after the army revolted abd put Vijay Manikya on the throne.

1531?-1583: Vijay Manikya, 2nd son of Deva Manikya, soon had the army chief murdered and become a powerful ruler. He defeated the Mughs at Chittagong and regained the districts of Sylhet, Comilla and Noakhali. He followed up this victory by marching to Bengal at the head of a huge force comprising 26,000 infantry and 5,000 horse besides artillery. Vijay was thus left as the unrivalled master of East Bengal. He died of smallpox. "Vijay Manikya was a capable reler and had a long reign. He made some administrative reforms, reorganised the army and recruited some Afghan cavalry in his army. Like Dhanya Manikya, Vijay Manikya was also a great conqueror. He conquered Sylhet and receovered Chittagong from the Afghans.

1583-1585 Anantha Manikya, son of Vijay Manikya, was sent by his father on a pilgrimage to Orissa. Anantha married the daughter of Gopi Prasad, the Commander-in-chief, who was once the raja's gomaste in Dharamnagar and later his cook. Later Gopi Prasad strangled his son-in-law and sat on the throne as Udai Manikya. "Ananta Manikya, the son of Vijay Manikya, was not an efficient ruler. He was completely under the control of his father-in-law Gopi Prasad. He usurped the throne of Tripura in 1567 and took the title Udai Manikya.

1585-1596 (or 1567-1577): Udai Manikya adorned his capital Rangamati with beautiful tanks, buildings and temples and renamed it Udaipur. Some of his 240 wives were so dissolute that they even invited a prince of Gaur to cohabit with them. On hearing this the raja had some of them trampled under his elephants and others devoured by dogs. Udai was poisoned.

1596-1597: Jai Manikya, son of Udai, succeeded but nominally the real power lay with his uncle Runag Narayan.

1597-1611: Amar Manikya, son of Deva Manikya. Runag Narayan, seeing that Amar, son of Jai Manikya, still had great influence, tried to kill him with a strategem. But Amar was warned by a friend and escaped. He subsequently got both Runag Narayan and Jai Manikya beheaded and himself ascended the throne. Amarpur town is named after him.

1611-1613: Rajdhar Manikya erected a temple of Vishnu and distributed land to the brahmins. He was accidentally drowned in the Gumti as he bent to drink the water in which the image of Vishnu had been washed.

1613-1623: Jasadhar Manikya was repeatedly at war with the Mughals. He was captured by the Mughal's Bawab Fateh Jung and was taken to Delhi as a prisoner along with a large booty of elephants and horses. Having refused restoration of his throne on condition of paying a tribute, Jasadhar was exiled to Benares where he died at a ripe old age of 72 "while meditating on the excellence of Vishnu."

1623-1625: Interregnum when Tripura was ruled by Mughal governors of Udaipur until they were forced by a dreadful plagu to leave.

1625-1659: Kalyan Manikya, a kinsman was elevated by the people of Tripura to the throne of Jasadhar. He was akind and equitable and struck coins in the name of Shiva. He toured his kingdom and fed the brahmins whom he held in great respect. He defied the Mughals and refused to pay any tribute. In 1658, the Tripura troops were overcome by the Mughals' Shah Shuja. Thus for the first time in its history, Tripura came to be included in the rent roll of a foreign power and a part of it.

1659-1660: Govind Manikya, first son of Kalyan Manikya, whose reign was interrupted by his half-brother Nakshatra Rai.

1660-1666: Chattra Manikya (aka Nakshatra Rai) ruled with the helpf of the Nawab of Murshidabad. He died of smallpox.

1666-1669: Govind Manikya was restored to the throne during whose reign became popular as he distributed salt to his people, reclaimed the waste lands in Mejarkal and settled the brahmins on land at a reduced rent. He resisted successfully all attempts by the Mughals to oust him frm the throne.

1669-1682: Ramdeb Manikya, son of Govind, had a quite uneventful reign.

1682-1684: Narendra Manikya, Ram Manikya's younger brother, usurped the throne but was deposed by the Nawab of Dacca after discovering his deciet.

1684-1712: Ratna Manikya, son of and rightful successor to Ramdeb Manikya, acceded to the throne when he was five years old. His throne was usurped. But he egained the throne and soon built the Jagannathbari temple in Comilla. Towards the end of the 17th century, he declared himself free from the Mughals. He was murdered by Ghanshyam Thakur.

1712-1714: Mahendra Manikya (aka Ghashyam Thakur), the 2nd son of Ram Manikya, seized the throne from Ratna.

1714-1732: Dharma Manikya II, younger brother and Juvaraj Durjoya Dev, of Mahendra Manikya. In 1730 Dharma Manikya banished his nephew and son of Chattra Manikya Jagat Ram from the country.

1732-1733: Jagat Manikya ascended to the throne as a usurper. During his reign the whole country in the plains submitted to Mughal rule and became annexed o the Mughal Empire. The name of Tripura was changed to Roshnabad and a considerable number of Mughal troops were stationed in Udaipur. In 1733, however, the usurper was removed as by this time Dharma Manikya had been restored to the favour of the nawab.

1733-1737: Makunda Manikya

1737-1739: Jai Manikya

1739-1743: Indra Manikya

1743-1748: Vijoy Manikya was appointed raja by the nawab who allowed him a monthly salary and forced him to send all the revenues of the state to the nawab. On his falling into arrears, he was sent as a prisoner to Delhi, where he died.

1748-1760: Shamsher Ghazi, Regent, a notorious plunderer, when Tripura was made a Mughal province. He set up the son of Dharma Manikya as a puppet raja but when this failed to pacify the people he unleashed a reign of terror until so great was the outcry against his represion that he was ordered to be blown up from the mouth of a cannon after 12 years of lawlessness.

1760-1783: Krishna Manikya, brother of Indra Manikya, during whose reign the Muslim glory was on the wane in India.

1783-1785: Interregnum???

1785-1804: Jajdhar Manikya, nephre of Krishna Manikya, who was deposed and not restored to his throne till he agreed to pay an annual revenue for the plains territories, Chakla Roshnabad.

1804-1808: Interregnum

1809: Yudha Rama Ganga Manikya had assumed power on the death of his father. The British deposed him because he was not the official Heir Apparent and the throne transferred to his cousin. By lucky fate, the cousin died four years later, allowing Yudha Rama Ganga to resume his rume.

1809-1813: Durga Manikya, after years of anarchy had prevailed with various contenders for the throne inviting the kukis for their own ends, was recognized by the English and invested him as raja. Since that date every raja received investiture from the English and was called upon to pay nazar.

1813-1826: Rama Ganga (2nd time)

1826-1830: Kashichandra

1830-1850: Krishna

1850-1862: Ishan Chandra Manikya

Maharaja of Tripura

1862-1896: Bir Chandra Manikya

1862-1870: Regent??

1896-1909: Radha Kishore Manikya

1909-1923: Birendra Kishore Manikya

1923-1947: Bir Bikram Harikya

1947-2006: Kirit Bikram Manikya retained the title, some privileges, and a sizeable privy purse when his state acceded to the Indian Union in 1949 till these were withdrawn by the President of India in 1970 and he became a commoner, thus ending a dynasty over two millenia old.

May-Aug 1947: Maharani Kanchan Prabhavati Mahadevi, Regent