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Sabar Kantha (Agency)
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SACHIN
Area: 300 sq.mi.
Population, 18,061 (1872)
Gross Revenues: L15,983
Dynasty: Habshi or Abyssinian
Salute Guns: 9
Ruler's Title: Nawab
Brief History
1784-1791: Sachin state founded; Balu Mia Sidi, heir to the throne of Janjira and to the other possessions ofthe sidis had been expelled from his dominions by a younger branch of the family. He appealed for aid to the Mahrattas and the British.
1791: By agreement, Balu Mia ceded to the Peshwa Janjira in return for Sachin which he got possession. But when the Peshwa claimed Janjira the Sidis who held it refused to give it up, and succeeded in maintaining their independence. Sachin remained in the hands of Balu Mia and his descendants.
1791: 1835 – 1864 Under British civil administration.
Nawabs of Sachin
1791 - 1802 Abdul Karim Mohammad Yakut Khan I
1802 - 1853 Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I
1853 – 1868 Abdul Karim Mohammad Yakut Khan II
1868 – 1873 Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan II
1873 - 1887 Abdul Kadir Khan
1873 - 1886 .... -Regent
1887 - 1930 Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan III
1887 - 1907 .... -Regent
1930 - 11947 Haydar Mohammad Yakut Khan
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Sachodar
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Sada Kheri
Sahuka
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SAILANA (SHAILANA)
1730 Shailana state founded.
Raja of Sailana1730 - 1757 Jai Singh
1757 - 1772 Jaswant Singh
1772 - 1782 Ajab Singh
1782 - 1797 Mokham Singh
1797 - 1826 Lakshman Singh
1826 - 1827 Ratan Singh
1827 - 1842 Nahar Singh
1842 - 1850 Takhat Singh
1850 - 1895 Duleh Singh
1895 - 1919 Jashwant Singh
1919 - 1947 Dhalip Singh
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SAKTI
Rulers (title Rana)
.... - .... Rudra Singh
.... - .... Udai Singh
.... - .... Kiwat Singh
.... - .... Kagan Singh
.... - 1837 Kalandar Singh
1837 - 1892 Ranjit Singh (b. 1836 - d. 18..)
Feb 1892 - Jul 1914 Rup Narayan Singh
4 Jul 1914 - 15 Aug 1947 Liladhar Singh (b. 1892 - d. 19..)
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Samadhiala (Chok Thana)
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Samadhiala
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Samadhiala Chhabhadia
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SAMBALPUR
808 - 1817 Maratha occupation
1849 Annexed to British India.
1690 - 1725 Chhatrasal
1725 - 1756 Ajit Singh
1756 - 1778 Abhai Singh
1778 - 1782 Balbhadra Sai
1782 - 1797 Jayanta Singh (1st time)
1808 - 1817 Maratha occupation
1817 - 1818 Jayanta Singh (2nd time)
1820 - 1827 Maharaj Sai
1827 - 1833 Mohan Kumari
1833 - 1849 Narayan Singh
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Samla
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Samode vassal state
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SAMTHAR
1817 Samthar recognized as a state.
Rajas1817 - 1827 Ranjit Singh II
1827 - 1864 Hindupat Singh
1864 - 1865 Rani .... (f) -Regent
1865 - 1877 Chhatar Singh
Maharaja
1877 - 1896 Chhatar Singh
Rajas
1896 - 1935 Bir Singh (personal style Mahraja from 1898)
1935 - 1947 Radha Charan Singh
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Sanala
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SANDUR (Sandhur)
1713 Sandur state founded.
1817 - 1818 Annexed to the Peshwa's Dominions.
1818 British protectorate.
1713 - 1731 Sidhoji Rao I
1731 - 1777 Murar Rao
1777 - 1785 Shiva Rao I
1785 - 1796 Sidhoji Rao II
1796 - 1817 Shiva Rao II (1st time)
1817 - 1818 annexed to the Peshwa's Dominions
1818 - 1840 Shiva Rao II (2nd time)
1840 - 1861 Venkata Rao II
1861 - 1876 Shivasammukha Rao
1861 - 1863 .... -Regent
Rajas (titles Hindu Rao, Mamalikat Madar, Raja)
1876 - 1878 Shivasammukha Rao
1878 - 1892 Ramachandra Vitthala Rao
1892 - 1927 Venkata Rao III
1892 - 1913 .... -Regent
1927 - 1928 Interregnum
1928 - 1947 Yashwant Rao
1928 - 1930 .... -Regent
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SANGLI
Sangli forms part of the states belonging to the Patvardhan family. The founder of this family was one Har or Hari Bhatt bin Ballam Bhatt, a native of the village of Kotavda in the Konkan. This man, after distinguishing himself by a long series of devotional austerities, was appointed upadhya or family priest to Naro Mahadev, chief of Ichalkaranji in the Kolhapur State. On the occasion of the marriage of this chief's son to the daughter of Balaji Vishvanath the first Peshwa, in 1722, Har Bhatt was brought to the notice of the Peshwa, and his sons Govind and Ramchandra were ere long taken into the service of the latter. A third son Trimbak obtained service with the raja of Akalkot. After the death of Baiaji Pant Peshwa Har Bhatt's family continued to enjoy the favour of his successors, and Govindrav with his son Gopalrav took an active part in the events of Balaji Bajirav's reign. After a successful campaign against the Nawab of Savanur in which he distinguished himself, he received from the Nawab a grant in inam of the fort of Dodvad, with the land assigned for its support, which form part of the present possessions of the Patvardhan family. It was in the reign of the Peshwa Madhavra Ballal, however, that the fortunes of the Patvardhans reached their zenith. In 1761 the fort of Miraj with some thanas and customs duties were assigned to Govindrav for the maintenance of troops. The fort and district appear to have been at that time in the possession of a Hindu landholder Pota Naig (Briggs' Ferishta, III. 346). On the fall of the Bahmani dynasty Miraj passed into the hands of the kings of Bijapur. Ali Adil Shah was kept there under surveillance during the latter years of the reign of Ibrahim Adil Shah his father, and on the death of the latter made the place a point d'appui in the operations undertaken to secure the throne. The garrison took part afterwards in the revolt of Ismail against Ibrahim Adil Shah II. (Ferishta, III. 180). When Shivaji commenced the operations which resulted in the establishment of the Maratha empire, Miraj formed part of the jagir of Rustam Khan, a Bijapur official, who is believed to have betrayed his trust. A Persian inscription on the mosque or dargah at Miraj records that it was built iu A.D. 1413 and renovated 280 years afterwards, A similar inscription records that one of the large gateway bastions was named after Sikandar Jallal Khan.. This was the grandson of Alla-ud-din Bahmini I. the son of his daughter who was married to Jallal Khan Bukhari. Sikandar, revolted against his uncle Humayun Shah and was killed at Navalgund in A.D. 1458.]
Patvardhan 1763-1885.
Gratitude to their benefactor Madhavrav led the Patvardhans to aid that prince actively in his struggle for power with his ambitious uncle and guardian Raghunathrav, generally known as Raghoba Dada. Whenever the latter gained the upper hand he showed his resentment, as by the attack and capture of Miraj on one occasion, but his enmity was not so dangerous as the vindictive feeling which descended to his son Bajirav, the last of the Peshwas, which nearly occasioned the ruin of the Patvardhan family, as will be seen further on. Besides taking a prominent part in the internal politics of the Maratha empire during Madhavrav's reign, the Patvardhans were actively employed in all the campaigns against Haidar Ali and in the war with Janoji Bhonsla of Berar. Before the death of Madhavrav the grant of the saranjam was renewed to the family in 1774, the title deeds being made out in the names of Vamanrav the brother of Gopalrav, and his cousins Parashuram Ramchandra and Raghumithrav Nilkanth. Though the family was not as yet divided, these chiefs resided severally at Miraj, Tasgaon, and Kurundvad, and may be said to represent separate branches. In addition to the saranjam Madhavrav bestowed on the Patvardhans during his lifetime the districts of Chikodi and Manoli, but they never held these districts for any length of time continuously.
After the death of Madhavrav Peshwa and the murder of his brother and successor Narayanrav, the Patvardhans followed the standard of Raghunathrav until it became known that the widow of the murdered Peshwa was in a condition that gave hopes of an heir to the gadi. The celebrated Nana Fadnavis then formed a council of regency, governing in the name of the widow, but the Patvardhans did not openly take part against RaghunathraV till the birth of Madhavrav Narayan put him in the position of an usurper. They then openly espoused the cause of the infant Peshwa, but they soon had to leave Poona for their own territory to aid in repelling invasions made by the Nizam and Haidar Ali from different quarters.
Even before the death of their great patron Madhavrav Ballal the Patvardhans had been engaged in constant hostilities with the Raja of Kolhapur, as has been related in the historical sketch of that State, and these hostilities were now carried on with great vigour, as the Raja had entered into alliance with Raghunathrav in conjunction with Haidar Ali of Maisur, who advanced with the declared intention of taking possession of the whole country south of the Krishna. The Patvardhans therefore took no part in the war with the English which broke out at this time, as they were fully occupied with their hostilities against Kolhapur and with resisting the invasion from Maisur. In the latter operations they were not very successful as they incurred more than one severe defeat, and Pandurangrav, the grandfather of the present Chief of Sangli, was wounded and taken as a prisoner to Seringapatam, where he died.
The leadership of the Patvardhans then devolved on Parashuram Bhau. After some rather unsuccessful operations against Haidar Ali, a temporary truce, it would appear, left Parashuram Bhau at liberty to return to his own capital and carry on the war with the Kolhapur Raja, from whom he took Akivat, Shirol, and Bhudargad. A treaty was then concluded with the Raja, and the Patvardhan Chief was thus enabled to proceed to Poona, where he arrived in time to play a very distinguished part in the war with the English, which followed the repudiation of the convention of Vadgaon in 1779. The success of the operations against General Goddard, by which that officer was compelled to retreat from Khandala to Bombay with heavy loss, was attributable in a great measure to Parashuram Bhau's skill and exertions.
The Patvardhan Chief was next employed against Tipu of Maisur, who attempted to reduce the fort of Nargund. By specious promises the latter induced the Marathas to retire, and as soon as they were out of the way seized Nargund and Kittur. These acts brought on a war which lasted for about a year. Peace was then concluded, but very soon the conduct of the Maisur prince caused the formidable combination of the English, the Nizam, and the Marathas, who in 1790 commenced operations against him. Parshu-ram Bhau was appointed to command the Maratha forces on this occasion. In conjunction with a British detachment under Captain Little he besieged Dharwar for seven months, after which the place capitulated. He then took the fort of Kushgal and after waiting to realise the revenue of the district joined the other Maratha commander Hari Pant, and moved towards Seringapatam, which was being besieged by Lord Cornwallis. Before they arrived, however, the British were compelled by want of provisions to raise the siege temporarily. Parashuram Bhau was then detached from the main army, with Captain Little, to keep open the communications with the north. He preferred, however, to utilise his time and means by taking possession of the district of Bednor, and this occupation delayed him so long that, though repeatedly summoned by Lord Cornwallis, who had resumed the siege, ho only arrived at Seringapatam just as the armistice which preceded the treaty with Tipu had been arranged.
On his return to Tasgaon Parashuram occupied himself with a war with Kolhapur. In the course of this his son was defeated and taken prisoner. Though the latter was treated kindly and at once released, the Patvardhan, incensed at the repulse, renewed hostilities with such vigour that the town of Kolhapur only was saved from capture by the submission of the Raja who agreed to pay £30,000 (Rs. 3 lakhs) and to give hostages for the payment of the amount. Not long after this war was declared against Nizam Ali, and Parashuram Bhau commanded the Maratha army on the last occasion when all the chiefs of that nation assembled under the Peshwa's standard. In the battle of Kharda he had a narrow escape of his life, but was saved by the bravery of his son to win a decisive victory.
In 1795 the Peshwa Madhavrav committed suicide. As the heir to the gadi was Bajirav, the son of the Raghunathrav whom Nana Fadnavis and the Patvardhans had always opposed and whose schemes they had been the main instruments of defeating, they resolved to prevent his succession by getting the widow of the deceased prince to adopt a son. Bajirav, however, heard of this and secured the services of Daulatrav Sindia. The result of this step was that his opponents thought it advisable to come to terms with him and accept him as Peshwa. A series of plots and counterplots ensued. Parashuram Bhau and Nana Fadnavis conceived the idea of getting Bajirav's brother Chimnaji Appa adopted by Narayanravs widow and invested as Peshwa, and in pursuance of this plot had him seized and invested against his will. The two chief conspirators however had for some time past been suspicious of one another, and just at this juncture Nana fled to the Konkan under the apprehension that Parashuram Bhau was about to make him a prisoner. An open rupture then took place. Nana made overtures to Bajirav and; incited the Raja of Kolhapur to attack Parashuram Bhau's jagir, while Parashuram gave up Nanas jagir to Sindia and appropriated his houses at Poona. The long series of intrigues finally ended in the apprehension of both by Sindia.
Parashuram Bhau, however, was not long kept in confinement, as a general was wanted to oppose the Raja of Satara who had levied forces and was assuming independence. The Patvardhan offered his services, which were accepted. He soon defeated the Raja, but on the completion of this duty was much too wary to disband his troops. He then offered to head the contingent intended to co-operate with the English in the new war with Tipu that broke out in 1799. Owing however to the duplicity of Bajirav the promised aid was never given to the British, and part of the force intended to co-operate with them was turned against the Raja of Kolhapur who had been actively employed for some time in recovering the places that had been taken from him by the Patvardhans, and in overrunning and pillaging Parashuram Bhau's jagir, in the course of which operations the latter's palace at Tasgaon was burnt to the ground. Incensed at these losses Parashuram Bhau without waiting for reinforcements, hurried on operations against the Raja who was aided by Chitursing brother of the Raja of Satara. His eagerness and resentment were such that he kept the field during the rainy season. In September he encountered the Kolhapur troops under the Raja at the village of Pattankudi, where he was defeated and mortally wounded. It was reported at the time that as the wounded chief lay on the ground Vishvasrav, brother of the notorious Sarjerav Ghatge, took him up on his horse and carried him to the Raja, by whose orders he was cut to pieces. This story, however, has always been denied at Kolhapur, and those who have had the best means of getting information have considered it to be untrue.
Ramchandrarav Appa Saheb, eldest son of the deceased chief, fled after the battle to Poona to implore the aid of the Peshwa. This was readily granted, and a considerable force consisting of the Vinchurkar's and the Pratinidhi's troops and five of Sindia's regular battalions under European officers were despatched to Kolhapur. The force met with a slight check at Shirol, but was reinforced and advanced to the capital. The Raja was there defeated and obliged to fly to Panhala, and the siege of the town was begun. [For details of the siege see above Kolhapur History, page 234] The siege was raised in consequence of an intrigue at Poona. On the death of Nana Fadnavis, which took place during the siege, the Peshwa arranged with Sindia that the latter should attack and possess himself of the late Parashuram Bhau's territory. The besieging force then broke up, Sindia's battalions marching on Tasgaon and Appa Saheb flying to the Karnatak leaving his jagir to be overrun and devastated.
Orders were then sent from Poona to the Peshwa's Sar Subhedar in the Karnatak, Dhondo Pant Gokhle, to sequestrate the Patvardhan's territory in that province. As the Sar Subhedar was engaged in hostilities at the time with Dhundia Vagh, a freebooter who had escaped from Seringapatam, and was now plundering the country at the head of a considerable force, he kept the order secret, and thus got the Patvardhans to co-operate with him. When he was killed shortly afterwards in an engagement with Dhundia he was accompanied by Chintamanrav (the son of the Pandurangrav whose death at Seringapatam has been noted above), who was wounded on the occasion. After Gokhale's death Chintamamav joined Colonel Wellesley (afterwards the Duke of Wellington), who had been sent to put dawn Dhundia, and the two sons of Parashuram Bhau shortly afterwards joined the British forces. The Patvardhans tried to get the English general to join them in an attack on Kolhapur, but he declined to do so, and managed to keep the peace between his allies. The result of the combined operations was that Dhundia, on the 10th September 1800, was defeated and killed at Konagal. At the suggestion of the British Resident at Poona the order for the sequestration of the Patvardhans' districts in the Karnatak was rescinded, and Colonel Wellesley handed over the districts released from the grasp of Dhundia to the sons of Pharashuram Bhau. The duplicity of Bajirav's conduct, however, at this time was such that the Patvardhans seriously entertained the notion of entering the service of the Maisur prince, but -the project was not carried out. Just at this time Sindia was obliged to remove his troops from Tasgaon in consequence of the war with Holkar, and the Patvardhans were then enabled to return to their homes.
At the end of 1802 the Peshwa, driven out of Poona by Holkar, signed the treaty of Bassein and General Wellesley marched from Seringapatam to restore him to his capital. The Patvardhans immediately joined him and begged him to obtain for them the good offices of the British Resident. He did his best to reassure them, though the conduct of Bajirav, even at this juncture, was such as to make them naturally most suspicions, and they accompanied him to Poona. After the restoration of the Peshwa, General Wellesley brought the claims of the Patvardhans before him, and he promised to do justice. Appa Saheb and Chintamanrav were induced to visit Bajirav and further promises were made, but nothing was settled when the British general left Poona to carry on the war against Sindia and the Raja of Berar. He had hoped that the Patvardhans and other Marat ha chiefs would join him, but they met with no encouragement from the Peshwa to do so, and, indeed, seem to have been secretly dissuaded by him.
Their conduct on this occasion nearly led to the ruin of the; family. At the close of the war, Bajirav, on the pretence of rewarding those who had done good service and punishing those who had failed to render due assistance, determined to make over the lands of the Patvardhans to Bapu Gokhale. As the latter fell himself unable to take over the saranjam without the assistance of the English, he applied to General Wellesley. Without deciding whether or not such aid would be given, which was for the Governor-General's consideration, the British commander pomted out in forcible language the impolicy, the injustice, and even the ingratitude of the course the Peshwa wished to pursue towards the Patvardhans. In writing to the Governor-General he recapitulated all the arguments he had used, and suggested that the Peshwa's formal consent should be obtained to the British Government acting as arbitrator between him and the southern jagirdars. Thissuggestion was approved, and Mr. E. Strachey was appointed to conduct the enquiries and negotiate the proposed settlement. Before leaving the Southern Maratha Country, General Wellesley took advantage of an interview he had with Hari Parashuram at Tasgaon, to point out what just grounds of complaint the Patvardhans had on their part given to the Peshwa, and to show how matters might be settled satisfactorily.
The proposed settlement, however, fell through for the time in consequence of the unwillingness of both the parties concerned to avail themselves of the means thus offered to them of putting matters on a satisfactory footing. Bajirav only wanted to ruin the Patvardhans and displayed his characteristic duplicity, while they, on the other hand, distrusted him and had an exaggerated notion of their own power. The British Government, therefore, withdrew its mediation and left the Peshwa and the jagirdars to settle matters between them as they best could. The latter consequently assumed a semi-independent position, and only attended to the requisitions of the Poona government when it suited them to do so. Chintamanrav even harboured freebooters pursued by Bajirav's troops, and actually attacked the Peshwa's districts. The latter, in the meantime, consolidated his position by crushing a number of minor jagiradrs and watched his opportunity for dealing similarly with the Patvardhans.
A struggle was thus impending between these jagirdars and their sovereign, which would have led to most serious consequences. Mr. Mountstuart Elphinstone, the Resident at Pootia, perceived this, and saw that if the war commenced it would probably spread and affect British interests. He therefore proposed to the Governor-General in 1811a scheme of mediation similar in most respects to that which General Wellesley had suggested. On this being approved he submitted to the Peshwa a draft of the terms which he thought should be offered, and having obtained his consent, he proceeded to Pandharpur at the head of a force strong enough to crush opposition, and summoned the Patvardhans. After some delay and attempts at evasion the latter accepted the terms. They thus bound themselves to give up all land and revenues which they had usurped and were holding without authorisation; to serve the Peshwa according to the conditions on which they held their saranjam ; to carry on no hostilities unless duly authorised to do so, and to submit their disputes to the Peshwa. On the other hand, the Peshwa agreed to take no notice of past offences and to revive no old claims, while the British Government guaranteed to the jagirdars their lawful possessions so long as they served the Peshwa with fidelity.
About this time several divisions of the saranjam took place among the members of the Patvardhan family which require notice. The first division was between Chintamanrav and his uncle Gangadharrav. The latter, on the death of his brother Pandurangrav, had been left guardian to his nephew, and, with the proverbial policy of a paternal uncle under such circumstances, had appropriated a considerable portion of his ward's property. Chintamanrav in 1801 set to work to recover his possessions, and acted with such vigour that Gangadharrav had to shut himself up in the fort of Miraj, where he would have been besieged had not the other members of the family interposed and persuaded the uncle and nephew to agree to an amicable division. This arrangement was, in 1808, sanctioned by the Peshwa, who further exempted Gangadharrav from feudal allegiance to the senior branch of the family. It was arranged, too, that Gangadharrav should have the fort of Miraj, £10,000 (Rs. 1 lakh) being assigned to Chintamanrav for building a fort at Sangli, which he made his head-quarters. The example thus set was followed by other members of the family. The sons of Parashuram Bhau divided their father's estate into two portions, Jamkhandi being held by the elder and Tasgaon by the younger brother. The Kurundvad' branch also divided, and the separate estates of Kurundvad and Shedbal or Kagvad were thus formed.
The settlement of Pandharpur secured its main object, the preservation of the peace of the country, by putting a stop to the disputes between the Peshwa and the Patvardhans, but the relations between the two parties continued to be anything but cordial. The leading members of the family, however, were with Bajirav when the treaty of Poona was signed in 1817, and though Chintamanrav had been very violent in his opposition to this engagement, the Resident secured the interests of the Patvardhans by a special article (number 10) in the treaty. This article was most distasteful 'to Bajirav, and it was not till he had exhausted every form of remonstrance that he agreed to it reluctantly.
Immediately after the attack on the Residency at Poona and the battle of Kirkee, in November 1817, Mr. Elphiustone sent circular letters to the jagirdars setting forth the causes of the war with the Peshwa, and advising the several chiefs to withdraw their troops and stay quietly at home, in which event they would be guaranteed against any loss of territory or dignity. The Patvardhans who had joined the Peshwa's standard after the battle did not immediately respond to this invitation, but some of them sent vakils to the Resident. With a view to deprive them of any grounds for hostility against the British, Mr. Elphinstone instructed General (afterwards Sir Thomas) Munro ' to treat the country immediately under the Peshwa and the jagir of Gokhale as hostile, and that of all the other jagirdars as friendly.' General Munro was also entrusted with the task of making a settlement with the jagirdars based on that of Pandharpur, and was authorised:" to offer considerable additions to the possessions of those who should come in within a specified period. The Patvardhans did not by any means comply with the letter of the communication made to them by the British authorities, but they, at a very early period of the war, ceased to render any but a very nominal assistance to the Peshwa, and most of them left his camp before long on one pretext or another.
General Munro having been obliged by ill health to leave the Southern Maratha Country before the completion of the task assigned to him, Mr. Elphinstone himself negotiated with the several chiefs and fixed the terms granted to them These terms were similar for the most part to those agreed on at Pandharpur in 1811, but some additional clauses were inserted to secure the due administration of justice in the jagirdar's territory and to prevent criminals from the neighbouring British districts being harboured there The strength of the contingents to be supplied for service was considerably reduced and personal tainats or attendants were granted to several members of the family. The terms offered were gladly accepted by all except Chintamanrav of Sangli, who declined to serve the British Government, and was allowed to cede territory of the annual rental of £13,500 (Rs. 1,35,000) in commutation of service. The chiefs with whom treaties were thus made were Chintamanrav of Sangli, Ganpatrav of Miraj, [The treaty was made in his name as he was the head of the Miraj branch of the family but as he was a minor at the his estate wad managed and all negotiations were carried on by his uncle Madhavrav.] Ganpatrav of Tasgaon, Ganpatrav of Shedbal, Keshavrav of Kurundvad, and Gopalrav of Jamkhandi.
Very shortly after coming under the British Government the members of the Miraj branch of the Patvardhan family claimed a division As their claim was in accordance with precedent it was admitted, and the Miraj portion of the saranjam was divided into four separate estates. About the same time the Jamkhandi portion of the saranjam was divided and the separate estates of Jamkhandi and Chinchni were formed. In 1854 a division took place in the Kurundvad estate as the brothers and nephew of the Chief insisted on a separation, which was allowed by Government.
As several holders of estates in this family had no heirs of their body the question of the right to adopt very soon came before the Government. The principle was then enunciated that in such cases adoption was not a right but a favour, the granting or refusing of which lay with the paramount power, and Government declared its intention of not granting this favour except under special circumstances, such as for instance in the case of a Chief who had distinguished himself by his good administration or in other ways. Under this rule the following estates lapsed to Government the holders having died without leaving male issue: Chinchni in 1836; a share in the Miraj estate in 1842; another share in the same estate in 1845; Tasgaon in 1848; and Shedbal or Kagvad in 1857. Adoptions had been allowed in the two last cases, but, as the adopted persons after holding the estates died without male, heirs of their body, further adoptions were not allowed. Besides these instances adoptions have been sanctioned in the Sangh, Miraj and Jamkhandi families. As the chiefs of the Patvardhan family have all, except the younger chiefs of Kurundvad, received sanads from Lord Canning permitting them to adopt, there will be no further lapses in default of male heirs of the body.
In 1848 the contingents furnished by the Patvardhan Chiefs were done away with, and this service was commuted to an annual money payment. The sums paid to the British Government on this account are £1255 16s. (Rs. 12,558) for Miraj Senior, £641 4s. (Rs. 6412) for Miraj Junior, £961 18s. (Rs. 9619) for Kurundvad, and £2084 (Rs. 20,840) for Jamkhandi.
As a rule, the Patvardhan family have shown much loyalty towards the British Government. During the insurrection in Kolhapur in 1844 Chintamanrav of Sangli rendered most cordial and effective aid to the authorities. Afterwards when tried by the more severe test of the mutinies of 1857-58 the conduct of the Patvardhan Chiefs, with one exception, was such as to gain the thanks of Government.
The following changes have taken place in the personnel of the existing Patvardhan states since the subversion of the Peshwa's dynasty and their engagements with the British Government.
In Sangli Chitamanrav Appa Saheb died on the 15th July 1851 and was succeeded by his son Dhundirav Tattya Saheb, who was born in 1838. Before the birth of the latter another son of Appa Saheb had died leaving a widow, who adopted a son. The old Chief was very anxious that this adoption should be recognised by the British Government,, and finally his request was acceded to on the usual condition of nazarana being paid. When this sanction was accorded, however, Chintamanrav was expecting issue by his wife, and consequently did not, care enough about the adoption to pay the nazarana. He made a will before his decease, fixing an allowance to his adoptive grandson Vinayakrav, the succession to the State devolving, as above stated, on his son. In 1873, during the regime of the present Chief Dhundirav, the British Government, in consequence of abuses of administration, appointed an English officer as joint administrator, and this arrangement still continues.
After the division of the Miraj estate above narrated the headship of that branch of the family, the fort of Miraj, and the largest portion of the saranjam remained with Ganpatrav Tattya, whose brother Moreshvarrav lived with him. The latter demanded a further division, which would have been effected but for the death of Ganpatrav in 1833, on which event Moreshvarrav withdrew his claim for a division, and was appointed guardian to the two young sons of his deceased brother, Gangadharrav and Narayanrav, who were aged seven and five years respectively. He died in 1839, and the management of the minors' estate remained in the hands of two ministers, until Gangadharrav Bala Saheb assumed the administration in 1849. In recognition of the latter's loyal conduct during the mutiny, he was allowed in 1859 to adopt, having no heirs of his body, and on his death in 1861 was succeeded by his adopted son Ganpatrav Tattya Saheb. The young Chief being a minor, arrangements were made for his education and for the management of his estate during his minority. He assumed the administration in 1871, and was shortly afterwards appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Bombay. Ganpatrav Tattya Saheb died in November 1874. His widow in June 1875 adopted with the sanction of Government Gopalrav, the younger grandson of Vinayakrav Bhau Saheb of Sangli, who received on his adoption the name of Gangadharrav. He was at the time in his tenth year. During the minority of the Chief the State has been under the direct management of the Southern Maratha Agency.
The second share in the Miraj saranjam devolved, as above stated, on Madhavrav, who died in 1859 and was succeeded by his son Lakshmanrav Anna Saheb. Lakshmanrav died in February 1870 and was succeeded by his son Hariharrav. The latter died soon in May 1877, leaving an infant son Lakshmanrav. During the minority of the young Chief the State is being managed by joint karbharis under Government supervision.
Keshavrav, the Chief of Kurundvad, died in 1827, leaving four sons named Raghunathrav, Hariharrav, Venayakrav, and Trimbakrav, all minors. The eldest was placed in charge of the estate in 1837, and before long a division was claimed by the younger brothers, which, after much correspondence, was finally sanctioned in 1854. The estate of Kurundvad was thus divided into two parts, the larger portion remaining with Raghunathrav Dada Saheb, and the rest being assigned to Ganpatrav Bapu Saheb (son of Hariharrav who had died), Vinayakrav Appa Saheb, and, Trimbakrav Abba Saheb. The last named Chief died in 1869 without male issue and it was decided that his share of the estate should devolve to his brother Vinayakrav and his nephew Ganpatrav, the elder brother being excluded from the succession. Raghunathrav of the senior branch died in January 1876 and was succeeded by his son Chintamanrav.
Gopalrav, the Chief of Jamkhandi, died in 1840, having before his death adopted with the sanction of Government a boy then seven years of age, who received on adoption the name of Ramchandarrav Appa Saheb and who, after receiving some education, was invested with the administration of his estate,in 1853. Ramchandrarav Appa Saheb still (1885) administers the affairs of his estate.
1801 – 1851 Chintaman Rao I (1775-1851)1851 - 1901 Dhundi Rao Chintaman Rao (1838-1901)
"Tatya Sahib"
1851 - 1860 .... -Regent
1901 – 1932 Chintaman Rao II Dhundi Rao (1890-1965)1901 – 1910 Birk -Regent
Raja (title Meherban Shrimant Raja)
1932 - 1947 Chintaman Rao Dhundi Rao (s.a.) "Appa Sahib"
References
Sangli in Genealogical Gleanings
Sangli in Royal Ark
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SANGRI
1703 - 1719 Occupied by Kullu.
1719 Part of Bashahr.
1815 Sangri state founded.
1803 - 1815 Occupied by Nepal.
Rulers (title Thakur)
1703 - 1719 Man Singh (d. 1719)
1719 - 1803 part of Bashahr
1803 - 1815 occupied by Nepal
1815 - Oct 1816 Bikramajit (d. 1816)
1816 - Sep 1841 Ajit Singh (b. 1810 - d. 1841)
1841 - 1842 Ranbir Singh (d. 1844)
1841 - 1846 Rani Katochni (f) -Regent
1842 - 1876 Jagat Singh (d. 1876)
30 Sep 1876 - 25 Jul 1887 Hira Singh (b. 1849 - d. 1927)
Rulers (title Rai)
25 Jul 1887 - 15 Mar 1927 Hira Singh (s.a.)
15 Mar 1927 - 15 Aug 1947 Raghubir Singh
SANJELIArea: 33.5 sq. mi.; 12 villages
Population: 2532 (1872
Dynasty: Songada Chohan
Ruler's Title: Thakur
c1159: An immigrant from Mewar, Satrasalji founded Sanjeli.
1789: Sardarsingji killed by he Bariya chief.
1789: His son, Bahadursingji, succeeded Sardarsingji and was taken by his mother to Jobat where her father ruled. When he came of age, Bahadursingji returned, and was slain in a fight against Bariya.
?: Succeeded by Sagatsingji who was a notorious freebooter famous for his tuft of hair on his back like a tail
1858: Pratapsingji, an adopted son, succeeded Sagatsingji
Source: Gazetteer, Vol. 6, pp. 156-157)
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Sanor
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Sanosra
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SANT
1255 Sant state founded (named after founder).
Rulers (title Rana).... - 1872 Bhawansinhji
17 Apr 1873 - 10 Jan 1896 Pratapsinhji
31 Aug 1896 - 22 Dec 1946 Zorawarsinhji Pratapsinhji (b. 1881 - d. 1946)
22 Dec 1946 - 15 Aug 1947 Pravinsinhji Zorawarsinhji (b. 1907 - d. 19..)
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Sankheda Mewas
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Sanosra
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Sant
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Santalpur
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SARANGARH
Rajas
.... - .... Udebhan Singh
.... - .... Birbhan Singbh
.... - 1736 Udho Sai Singh
1736 - 1777 Kalyan Sai
1777 - 1808 Vishvanath Sai
1808 - 1815 Subhadra Sai
1827 - 1828 Bhukam Sai
1828 - 1829 Tikam Sai
1829 - 1872 Singram Singh
1872 - 1889 Bhawani Pratap Singh
1889 - 1890 Lal Raghubir Singh
1890 - 1946 Bahadur Jawahir Singh
1946 - 1947 Naresh Chandra Singh
Sardargadh
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Sardargarh-Bantva
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Sardargarh-Baramajmu
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SARILA
Rulers (title Maharaja Bahadur)
1755 - 1788 Aman Singh
1788 - 1818 Tej Singh
1818 - 1842 Anirudah Singh
1842 - 1871 Hindupat Singh
1871 - 1882 Khallak Singh
1882 - 1898 Pahar Singh
1898 - 1947 Mahipal Singh
1898 - 1919 .... -Regent
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Sar Lashkar
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Satanones (Sata-no-ness)
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SATARA
Rulers of Satara
1700-1708: Tarabai, Regent
1708-1749: Shahu I
1749-1777: Ramaraja
1777-1808: Shahu II
1808-1839: Pratapsinh
1839-1848: Shahaji III
Pratapsinh I
Rajaram III
Pratapsinh II
1918-1950: Raja Shahu
1950-1978: Pratapsinhraje
1978-Present: Chatrapati Udayanraje Bhonsle
Virpratapsinhraje Bhonsle (2003)
References
Satara in Genealogical Gleanings
Satara in Royal Ark
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Sathamba
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Satlasna
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Satodad (Satudad) Vavdi
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SAVANTVADI (Sawantwadi)
"The Chief of this State traces his descent Sawant from Khem Sawant Bhonsle, who, freeing his country from the Mahomedan yoke, expanded into a principality the holding of which he was hereditary Deshmukh.* Khem Sawant ruled over Wari from 1675 to 1709. He was a contemporary of Sahu, the grandson and successor of Sevaji, and'received from Sahu a sannad confirming him in the full sovereignty of hia possessions, and assigning to him, conjointly with the Chief of Colaba, half the revenue of the Snlsi Mahal. His successor, Phond Sawant, concluded an offensive and defensive treaty with the British Government againt the notorious piratical Chief, Kanqji Angria, of Colaba. The eldest son of this Chief raised an insurrection against his father, and was shot in action. Phond Sawant was inconsolable ; and abdicated in favour of his grandson, Ram Chandra, son of the undutiful Nar Sawant. Ram Chandra was succeeded by his son, Khem Sawant" the Great." This Prince, who ruled for forty-eight years, married a daughter of Jiaji Rao Sindia. The emperor of Delhi conferred upon him the title of Rai Bahadur. In 1765, the British Government, provoked by attacks made on merchant ships by piratical vessels of Sawant Wari, fitted out a small expedition against Khem Sawant, who was soon glad to make peace ori any terms. A treaty was accordingly concluded, by which the districts lying between the Karli and Salsi rivers from the sea to the foot of the Sahyadri range were ceded to the British Government; and a war indemnity of one lakh of rupees was paid.
"On the death of Khem Sawant, in 1803, two cousins of the late Chief claimed the State, and Sawant Wari was convulsed with a civil war. This was followed by an invasion from Kolhapur led by the Chief of that State; and Sawant Wari passed through a period of sore anarchy and confusion. The widow Lakshmi Bai, in her capacity of Regent, sought the aid of Appa Desai Nipanikar, who fell upon Kolhapur in the absence of its Raja, and obliged him to leave Sawant Wari and expel the invader from his own borders. Appa Desai now attempted to establish his own power in Sawant Wari, and, with the concurrence of Lakshmi Bai and Phond Sawant, the heir presumptive, strangled in his bed Bhau Sahib (Ramchandra Sawant), son of Sriram Sawant, and lawful heir to the throne. But Appa Desai derived no benefit from the infamous crime ; for Phond Sawant drove him out of the State, and obtained the supreme power.
In 1812, this Chief concluded a treaty with the British Government, by which he ceded Vingorla and engaged to suppress piracy. He died in the same year, and was succeeded by his son, Khem Sawant, a child of eight years. The Regency was assumed by Durga Bai, widow of Khem Sawant, who died in 1803. This remarkable woman displayed her activity in a long series of hostile acts that rendered necessary the occupation of Sawant Wari, in 1819, by a British force. A treaty was then dictated, under the terms of which Sawant Wari ceded territory, acknowledged British supremacy, and was guaranteed protection. In 1822, Khem Sawant assumed the reins of Government: but his mismanagement and misconduct became so intolerable, that Government was compelled to assume charge of the State in 1838. In 1839 and 1844, insurrections broke out that were speedily suppressed. Khem Sawant died in 1867, and was succeeded by Phond Sawant, Anna Sahib, who, in 1869, left the State to the present Chief.
"The general aspect of this State is strikingly picturesque. Richly-wooded hills are scattered over it, while in the valleys groves of the graceful cocoanut tree and supari palm diversify the scene. The inhabitants generally are poor and engaged in agriculture. The staple produce is rice." (Aberigh-Mackay, pp. 71-73)
1627-1640: Khem Savant I
"On the decline of Bijapur power in the early years of the seventeenth century (1627), Phond Savant's son Khem Savant, who held part of the Vadi country in grant, jaghir, made himself independent."
1640-1641: Som Savant
"In 1640, Khem was succeeded by his son Som Savant, who, after ruling for eighteen months, was succeeded by his brother Lakham Savant."
1641-1665: Lakham Savant
"This chief, in a predatory incursion, made captive the Kudal Desai, put him to' death, and seized his lands. Shortly after, when Shivaji's power seemed in the ascendant (1650), Lakham Savant tendered him his allegiance, and was confirmed as Sar Desai of the whole south Konkan. In a second treaty (1659) it was settled that one-half of the revenue should belong to Shivaji and be collected by his agents, and the other half, exclusive of his rights as deshmukh, should remain to Lakham. Under the terms of this treaty Lakham became bound to garrison the forts and to keep a body of 3000 infantry ready for service. Repenting of this alliance and not abiding by the terms of the treaty, [Grant Duff, 75, 76.] Lakham renewed his allegiance to Bijapur. In May 1660, Baji Phasalkar, one of Shivaji's earliest followers, fought a drawn battle with the Vadi commander Kay Savant, in which both were slain. [Grant Duff, 81.] In 1662, Shivaji defeated Lakham's army, overran Vadi, and forced the chief to throw himself on his mercy. [Grant Duff, 84.] From political and family motives, for the Savants like himself belonged to the Bhonsla family, Shivaji reinstated Lakham under promise that he would always live at Kudal, neither build nor repair forts, and entertain no large body of troops."
1665-1675: Phond Savant I
Dying in 1665, Lakham was succeeded by his brother Phond Savant, who, after ruling for ten years, was (1675) succeeded by his son Khem Savant. This chief by helping the Moghals in their struggles with Shivaji, and making frequent raids across the Goa frontier, considerably increased his territory. Afterwards (1707), supporting Shivaji's grandson Shahu in his contest with the Kolhapur chief, he was continued in his possessions. About this time he is described as a soldier of fortune, with 7000 or 8000 men and two pirate grabs, fighting for the chief who paid him best. [Hamilton's New Account, I. 208.]
1675–1709: Khem Savant II (d. 1709)
"Dying in 1665, Lakham was succeeded by his brother Phond Savant, who, after ruling for ten years, was (1675) succeeded by his son Khem Savant. This chief by helping the Moghals in their struggles with Shivaji, and making frequent raids across the Goa frontier, considerably increased his territory. Afterwards (1707), supporting Shivaji's grandson Shahu in his contest with the Kolhapur chief, he was continued in his possessions. About this time he is described as a soldier of fortune, with 7000 or 8000 men and two pirate grabs, fighting for the chief who paid him best. [Hamilton's New Account, I. 208.]"
1709-1738: Phond Savant II (1667-1738)
"Dying in 1709 without male issue, Khem was succeeded by his nephew Phond Savant. Though a lover of peace Phond Savant's rule was much disturbed by land wars with Kolhapur and Goa, and by sea fights with Angria.
"British. Treaty, 1730.
"In 1730, so much did their commerce suffer from Angria's attacks, that the British Government formed an offensive and defensive alliance with the Savants. [He is styled Ponde Saunt Sar Desai of Kudal. Aitchison's Treaties, IV. 439.] They agreed that neither should attack the ships of the other; that British weeks should receive all aid and assistance; that their ports should be open and free to each other for trade; that they should join to attack the sons of Kanhoji Angria; and that the British should supply the Sar Desai with warlike stores and artillery. [The treaty is given in full in Aitchison's Treaties, IV, 439-440.] About this time (1730), Nag Savant, Phond Savant's second son, taking the Hera and Chandgad [The Chandgad district was afterwards lost.] districts above the Sahyadris, established a post at Chandgad, and built the fort of Gandharvagad. Phond Savant's latter years were full of troubles. His eldest son Nar Savant rebelled and was slain in a skirmish. And so keenly did Phond Savant feel his son's death, that appointing his young grandson Ramchandra Savant his heir, he retired into private life and died in 1737."
"During Ramchandra's minority, the state was managed by his uncle Jayram Savant, a man of great strength and courage.
"Jayram Regent, 1737-1753.
"In spite of his good equalities, Jayram Savant's management was at first unsuccessful. Angria took Bhagvantgad and Bharatgad, crossed the Kudal river, defeated him at Bambardi, captured Shivram Savant his brother, and compelled the Vadi state to cede two-fifths of the Salshi revenue. At the same time the Portuguese seized five of the southern districts, together with the fort of Yashvantgad. Jayram's reverses did not last long. In 1745 the five districts were recovered, and for a time Bardes also was taken. Three years later (1748), Tulaji Angria was defeated with heavy loss at Kudal,[In remembrance of this victory his state kettledrum, nobat, is still beaten in the palace at Vadi.] pursued as far as Sangva near Ratnagiri, and his country laid waste. Bharatgad and the districts between the Kudal and the Garnar rivers were recovered, and a third raid of Angria's was successfully beaten off. Shortly after, Jayram quarrelled with his nephew, and retiring in disgust to Kudal, died there in 1753."
1755–1763: Soubhagyavati Janaki Bai, Regent
"Two years later (1755), his nephew Ramchandra died, and was succeeded by his son Khem Savant the Great. In 1763, Khem married Lakshmibai, daughter of Jayaji Sindia and half sister of Mahadaji Sindia, and through their influence received from the Emperor of Delhi the title of Raje Bahadur. [According to Grant Duff (40), the Savants got this title from the Bijapur kings, in whose wars against the Portuguese they distinguished themselves as command era of infantry.]
About this time British commerce suffered severely from the attacks of Vadi and Kolhapur pirates.
"British Treaty 1765.
"In 1765 (7th April), an expedition under Major Gordon and Captain Watson of the Bombay Marine, captured the fort of Yashvantgad or Redi, and changed its name to Fort Augustus. Khem Savant, 'the Bhonsla,' agreed, on receiving back Redi fort, to cede the lands between the Karli and Salshi rivers, from the sea to the Sahyadris; to pay £10,000 (Rs. 1,00,000) for war expenses; to let British merchants pass freely; to keep no navy; and in the event of a war with the Marathas, to help the British. [Aitchison's Treaties, IV. 440.] This treaty was broken almost as soon as it was signed, and next year (1766) the Bombay Government sent Mr. Mostyn to make a fresh settlement. A second treaty was concluded, which, among other terms, bound the chief to furnish two hostages, and to cede the fort of Vengurla to the British for thirteen years, or during such further time as the war indemnity amounting to £20,000 (Rs. 2,00,000) remained unpaid. [Aitchison's Treaties, IV. 443.] Soon after the treaty was concluded the hostages escaped; and the Vadi chief successfully frustrated all attempts to collect the Vengurla revenue. In 1780, at the end of the thirteen years, the Vadi government demanded Vengurla, and on its being refused, the fort was attacked and taken. Two years before (1778), the Kolhapur chief, envious of Khem Savant's honours and independence, overran the state; captured the fort of Gandharvagad; and forced from Khem Savant the cession of one-third of the Maland and Varad revenue, and of a fixed yearly sum from Pat and Haveli. Shortly after (1783), through the influence of Sindia, the Delhi Emperor granted the Vadi chief the peacock's feather, the symbol of independence. Enraged at this further advancement, the Kolhapur chief sending an army against Vadi, assaulted, but failed to take the post of Akeri.
"War with Kolhapur, 1776-1787.
"Three years later (1787), another attack from Kolhapur was more successful. The forts of Narsinggad, Nivti, and Vengurla fell, and to save it, Sidhgad had to be made over to Madhavrav Peshwa. Getting help from the Portuguese, for which he had to pay by the cession of the Phonda district, Khem Savant drove back the Kolhapur troops, and recovered Nivti and Vengurla. In 1793, the Peshwa restored Sidhgad, and about the same time, through Sindia's influence, Kolhapur gave back the fort of Bharatgad. Further reverses were in store for Khem Savant.
"The Portuguese, 1803.
"In 1803, the Portuguese overran and permanently annexed the districts of Dicholi, Sankli, Pedna, and Phonda."
1803-1805: Rani Lakshmi Bai, Regent (17..-1808) (1st time)
"On Khem Savant's death in 1803, as he left no male heir, [Grant Duff (244) says that he had only one son by his third wife Devibai.] the succession was disputed by his two cousins, Som and Shriram Savant. Open hostilities went on for about a year, when (1804) Som Savant and all his sons, except Phond Savant, were blockaded at Vadi, and the fort catching fire, perished in the flames. Phond Savant, the surviving son, unable to cope with Shriram Savant, retired to Kolhapur. Here he was treated with much respect, and with the help of a body of Kolhapur troops, seized the town of Kudal and laid the country waste. On this the regent Lakshmibai, one of Khem Savant's widows, agreed that Phond Savant should return to Vadi and be restored restored to his father's rights. On his return Phond Savant had so much influence with Lakshmibai, that Shriram Savant, after securing Hanmantgad and Banda for his two illegitimate sons, was forced to leave Vadi. Two years later (1805), defeating a joint attack by Phond Savant and Durgabai, Shriram Savant entered Vadi in triumph, imprisoned his opponents, and forced Lakshmibai to adopt his son Ramchandra as chief. Shriram Savant died in 1806."
1805-1807: Ramachandra Savant II (17..-1807)
"After his death the Kolhapur chief, seeing the distracted state of Vadi, attacked and carried the forts of Bharatgad and Nivti, and established the port of Nandugad. In 1807, Phond Savant, who, since 1805, had taken refuge at Kudal, returned to Vadi. The government directed by Ramchandrarav, Durgabai's brother, carried on incursions to the gates of Malvan, laid in ashes the village at the Malvan pass, and recovered the forts of Yashvantgad and Nivti. To repel these depredations the Kolhapur chief took the field in person, defeated the Vadi army at Chaukuli, and blockaded the capital. In 1808, the Vadi government called in the aid of Appa Desai Nepanikar, who sent a force to raise the siege of Vadi, and by invading Kolhapur, forced the chief to retire. On his withdrawal, the Nepani general took possession of the whole Vadi territory, placed Lakshimibai and her adopted son under surveillance, and took the forts of Yashvantgad, Vengurla, and Nivti. Still Phond Savant by no means gave up hopes of recovering his power."
1807–1808: Phond Savant II (d.1808)
1807-1812: Phond Savant III (17..-1812)
"Conspiring with Lakshmibai and Durgabai, he procured the murder of the young chief, and shortly after, by ill-treatment, caused the death of Lakshmibai, and rejecting Durgabai's claims to be regent, attacked and defeated the Nepani army, and established himself as ruler. During these years of disorder the Vadi ports again swarmed with pirates. So severely did British commerce suffer, that in 1812 (October 3), Phond Savant was forced to enter-into a treaty, ceding Vengurla fort to the British and engaging to give up all his vessels of war. [Supplementary articles, absolutely ceding Redi and Nivti, abstaining from hostilities with other states, and submitting all disputes to the arbitration of the British Government, which in return guaranteed the chief's possessions against all foreign powers, were intended to be inserted. But as these terms were thought to interfere with the Peshwa's authority over Vadi, they were abandoned. Aitchison's Treaties, IV. 436, 447.]"
1807–1808: Rani Lakshmi Bai, Regent (2nd time)
1807–1808: Rani Durga Bai, Regent (d. 1819) (1st time)
1812-1867: Khem Savant IV (1804-1867)
"Soon after the conclusion of this treaty, Phond Savant died and as his son Khem Savant or Bapu Saheb was a minor, Durgabai was appointed regent."
1812–1819: Rani Durga Bai, Regent (2nd time)
"Durgabai Regent, 1812-1819.
"In 1813, Durgabai seized the forts of Bharatgad and Narsinggad, which some few years before had been wrested from Vadi by Kolhapur. The British had, meanwhile, guaranteed to defend Kolhapur territory against all attacks, and as Durgabai obstinately refused to give up the forts, a British force under Colonel Dowse recaptured them and restored them to Kolhapur. In consequence of Durgabai's refusal to cede the Kolhapur forts and to exchange some districts north of the Kudal river for the lands. held by the British south of that river, war was declared and the districts of Varad and Maland seized. At this time the widow of Shriram Savant caused fresh troubles by putting forward a person who claimed to be Ramchandra Savant, who, she alleged, had not been murdered in 1807. Her cause found many supporters who moved about the country plundering on their own account. Such mischief did they do that many of the people, leaving their homes, sought safety in British and Portuguese territory. [Hamilton's Des. of Hindustan, II. 21.] Durgabai, now brought to great straits, offered to adjust all causes of quarrel, if the British Government would interfere on her behalf. Her proposals were declined. But even without British help her party were again successful, and order was for a time restored. In 1817, in consequence of a Portuguese raid into Usap, the Portuguese fort of Tirakol was plundered. In revenge the Portuguese attacked Redi, but after a fruitless siege of twenty-seven days, were forced to withdraw. About this time the Vadi nobles who held the forts of Banda, Nivti, and Redi, became unmanageable, set the chief's authority at naught and plundered in all directions, including the surrounding British territories.
"During the final British war with the Peshwa (1817), Durgabai threatened to invade British territory, and tried her best to aid the Peshwa's cause. Even after the Peshwa's overthrow her raids into British territory did not cease. War against Savantvadi could be put off no longer, and in 1819, a British force, under Sir W. Grant Keir, took the forts of Yashvantgad and Nivti. At this time Durgabai died, and the regency was divided between the two surviving widows of Khem Savant III. The new regents gladly accepted the British terms. A treaty was concluded in which the British promised to protect Savantvadi, and the regency acknowledged British supremacy, agreed to abstain from political intercourse with other states, to deliver to the British Government persons guilty of offences in British territory, to cede the whole line of sea coast from the Karli river to Portuguese boundaries, and to receive British troops into Savantvadi. [Aitchison's Treaties, IV. 436, 448.]"
1819–1822: Rani Nurmuda Bai, Co-Regent (1783–1849)
1867-1869: Phond Savant IV (1828-1869)
"In 1867, on the death of his father, Phond Savant succeeded. [The prescribed present, nazarana, was levied from him.] His feeble character and fondness for opium made it unsafe to trust him with power. To prevent mismangement, he was required to accept the scheme of administration introduced by the British Government, to refrain, except with the previous sanction of the paramount power, from making any organic changes, and to submit for approval the name of any one whom he wished to appoint minister."
1869-1899: Raghunath Savant (1862-1899)
"In 1869, before these terms were formally concluded, Phond Savant died, leaving the present chief Raghunath Savant a child six years old. During his minority the administration has been in the hands of the British Government. In 1877, the young chief, who had before been studying with the Kolhapur Raja, was sent to the Rajkumar College at Rajkot. In the same year (1877), Savantvadi was included among the minor states of the Bombay Presidency that were placed under the control of the Commissioner of the Southern Division. The appointment of a judicial assistant was made permanent, and the post of native assistant, daftardar, was abolished and his duties transferred to a minister, karbhari, whose office was revived. In 1878, the young Sar Desai received in full Darbar the Delhi banner sent by the Viceroy in commemoration of the assumption of the title of Empress of India. In 1879, he was married to the daughter of the late Khanderav Gaikwar of Baroda.
"The chief, a Hindu of the Maratha caste, is entitled to a salute of nine guns. The family have a patent allowing adoption, and in point of succession follow the rule of primogeniture. Besides an infantry corps 436 strong, he maintains three guns and twenty horsemen."
1899-1913: Ram Savant (1871-1913)
1899–1900: ... -Regent
1913-1937: Khem Savant V (1897-1937)
1913-1924: Rani Gajara Bai (1887–19..), Regent
1937-1947: Shivram Savant (1927-1995)
1937–1947: Rani Parvati Bai (1907-1961), Regent
References
Savantwadi in Genealogical Gleanings
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SAVANUR
"The Nawabs of Savanur ruled in North Karnataka from 1672 to 1948. The beginnings of the Savanur principality could be trced to the jagor of Sarkar Bankapur with 22 majals conferred on 'Abdu'l Karim Khan, a sardar in the Bijapur state, by Sikandar Adil Shah. The actual state came into existence in 168 when his successor Nawab 'Abdu'l Rauf Khan was confirmed in the jagir of Sarkar Bankapur, and he received, in addition, two more Sarkars of Torgal and Azamnagar from Aurangzeb. The state reached its highest extent after the treaties of 1747 and 1758 with Nana Saheb Peshwa (Balaji Bajirao), dwindled to a very small area after 1787 when Tipu Sultant conquered almost all the remaining majals from Nawab 'Abdu'l Hakim Khan, and came to consist of only 25 villages since the times of Nawab Abdu'l Khair Khan (1798-1827) till its merger with the Union of India in 1948." (Chitnis, p. 1)
Merherban Nawab of Savanur
1686 - 1720 Dalel Khan "Abdul Rauf"
1720 - 1720 Abdul Fath Khan
1720 - 1721 Abdul Mahmad Khan
1721 - 1726 Abdul Ghafur Khan
1726 – 1755 Abdul Majid Khan
1726 - 1730 Abdul Sattar Khan, Regent
1755 - 1794 Diler Abdul Hakim Khan
1794 – 1796 Abdul Hussain Khan
1796 - 1827 Abul Khair Khan
1827 - 1828 Faiz Khan
1828 - 1834 Munawwar Khan
1834 - 1862 Abul Diler Khan
1862 - 1868 Abul Khair Khan
1868 - 1884 Diler Khan "Chota Diler"
1868 - 1883 Muhammad Ghaus Khan -Regent
1884 - 1892 Abdul Tabriz Khan
1884 – 1887 .... -Regent
1892 - 1947 Abdul Majid Khan
1892 - 1912 .... -Regent
References
Chitnis. The Nawabs of Savanur
Savanur in Genealogical Gleanings
Savanur in Royal Ark
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SAYLA
1751 Sayla state founded.
Thakur Saheb of Sayla1751 - 1794 Sheshmalji I Raisinhji
1794 - 1813 Vakhatsinhji Sheshmalji
1813 - 1837 Madarsinhji I Vakhatsinhji
1837 - 1839 Sheshmalii II Madarsinhji
Thakur Saheb Shri of Sayla
1839 - 1881 Kerisinhji Sheshmalii
1881 - 1924 Vakhatsinhji Kerisinhji
1924 - 1938 Madarsinhji II Vakhatsinhji
1938 - 1947 Karansinhji Madarsinhji
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Sebdi-vadar
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Sejakpur
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SERAIKELLA
1620 Seraikella state founded.
Kunwar of Seraikella
1620 - .... Bikram Singh I
.... - .... Nrusingh
1728 - 1743 Satrughan Singh
c1743 - 1818 Abhiram Singh
1818 - 1823 Bikram Singh II
1823 - 1837 Ajamber Singh
1837 - 1883 Chakradhar Singh (from 1856, Raja Bahadur)
1883 - 1884 Udit Narayan Singh
Raja of Seraikella
1884 - 1931 Udit Narayan Singh (from 1922, personal style Maharaja)
1931 - 1947 Aditya Pratap Singh (with courtsey style of Maharaja)
Shahpur
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SHAHPURA
1629 Shahpura jagir.
1706 Shahpura state founded.
1706 – 1729 Bharat Singh
1729 - 1769 Umaid Singh I
Swasti Shri Raja of Shapura
1769 – 1774 Ram Singh
1774 – 1796 Bhim Singh
1796 – 1827 Amar Singh
1796 – c1802 .... -Regent
Rajadhiraja of Shapura
1827 – 1845 Madho Singh
1845 – 1853 Jagat Singh
1845 – 1853 Rani Khangarotji, Regent
1853 – 1869 Lakshman Singh
1853 – 1869 Rani Mertaniji, Regent
1870 - 1932 Nahar Singh
1869 - 1876 Rani Mertaniji, Regent
1932 - 1947 Umaid Singh II
1947 - 1947 Sudershan Singh
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Shajaota
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Shanor
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Sheogarh
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Sheopur-Baroda
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Shevdivadar
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Shivbara
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Shorapur vassal state
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SIBA (Daba Siba)
c1450 Siba state, also called Dada-Siba, founded.
1803-1813 Annexed by Guler.
1813 Annexed by Pañjab.
1830 Restored.
1849 Annexed to British India.
Raja of Siba
.... - .... Jaswant Chand
.... - .... Bhag Singh
.... - 1750 Lakel Singh
1750 - 1770 Madho Singh
1770 - 1800 Sher Singh
1800 - 1803 Gobind Singh (1st time)
1830 - 1845 Gobind Singh (2nd time)
1845 - 1849 Ram Singh
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Sidki
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Sihora
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Sikkim
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Silana
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Sind in Pakistan
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Sindhiapura
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Singhana
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Sirguja
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Sirmur
Area: 1,141 sq. mi.
Population: 148,568 (1931)
1095 Nahan state founded.
1621 New capital Sirmur founded; state takes name from capital.
1803 - 1815 Occupied by Nepal.
1815 British protectorate.
1697 - 1703 Medni Prakash "Mat Prakash"
1703 - 1709 Hari Prakash
1709 – 1713 Bhup Prakash
1713 - 1739 Bijay Prakash
1739 - 1754 Pratap Prakash
1754 - 1773 Kirat Prakash
1773 - 1789 Jatat Prakash
1789 - 1793 Dharm Prakash
1793 - 1803 Karam Prakash II
1803 - 1815 occupied by Nepal
1803 - 1804 Ratan Prakash (installed by Nepal)
1815 – 1850 Fateh Prakash
1815 - 1827 Rani Guleri, Regent
1850 – 1856 Raghbir Prakash
1856 – 1898 Shamsher Prakash
1856 – c1863 .... –Regent
1898 - 1911 Surendra Bikram Prakash
1911 – 1918 Amar Prakash
Maharaja of Sirmur
1918 - 1933 Amar Prakash
1933 - 1947 Rajendra Prakash
1933 - 1938 Maharani Mandalasa, Regent
References
Gazetteer of the Sirmur State
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SIROHI
1405 Sirohi state founded.
1823 British protectorate.
1697 - 1705 Durjan Singh
1705 - 1749 Umaid Singh I (Man Singh III)
1749 - 1772 Prithvi Singh
1772 - 1781 Takhat Singh
1781 - 1782 Jagat Singh
1782 - 1809 Bairi Sal II
1809 - 1847 Udaibhan
1818 - 1823 Sheo Singh -Regent
1847 - 1862 Sheo Singh
1862 - 1875 Umaid Singh II
1875 - 1889 Keshri Singh
Maharao of Sirohi
1889 - 1920 Keshri Singh
1920 - 1946 Sarup Ram Singh
1946 - 1947 Abhai Singh
1946 - 1947 Maharani Krishna Kunverba, Regent
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Sirsi (Gwalior)
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Sirsi (Malwa)
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Sisang-Chandli
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SITAMAU
1701 Sitamau state founded.
Raja of Sitamau1701 - 1748 Kesho Das
1748 - 1752 Gaj Singh
1752 - 1802 Fateh Singh
1802 - 1867 Raj Ram Singh I
1867 - 1885 Bhawani Singh
1885 - 1899 Bahadur Singh
1899 - 1900 Shardul Singh
1900 - 1947 Raj Ram Singh II
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SOHAWAL
15.. Sohawal state founded.
Rais of Sohawal.... - 1750 Prithipal Singh
.... - .... ..... (four rulers)
1819 - 18.. Lal Aman Singh
1830 - 183. Raghunath Singh
1833 - 1840 Aman Singh
1840 - 1865 Sheo Singh
1865 - 1899 Sher Jang Bahadur Singh
1899 - 1911 Bhagwant Raj Bahadur Singh
Raja of Sohawal
1911 - 1930 Bhagwant Raj Bahadur Singh
1930 - 1947 Jagendra Bahadur Singh
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SONEPUR (Sonpur)
1556 Sonepur state founded.
1803 British protectorate.
1680 - 1700 Purusottama Singh Deo
1700 - 1725 Raj Singh Deo
1725 - 1750 Achal Singh Deo
1750 - 1770 Divya Singh Deo
1770 - 1771 Jarwar Singh Deo
1771 - 1786 Sobha Singh Deo
1786 - 1841 Prithvi Singh Deo
1800 - 1822 Rani Sri Laxmipriya, Regent
1841 - 1891 Niladhar Singh Deo
1841 - 18.. Rani Gundicha, Regent
1891 - 1902 Pratap Rudra Singh
1902 - 1921 Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo (personal style Maharaja from 1908)
Maharaja of Sonepur
1921 - 1937 Bir Mitrodaya Singh Deo
1937 - 1947 Sudhansu Shekhar Singh Deo
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Songadh (Vachhani)
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Sonkhera & Sarwan
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Susamada Dhandhalpur
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Sudamra
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Sudasana
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Suigam
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SUKET
c765 Suket state founded.
Raja of Suket1663 - 1721 Jit Sen
1721 - 1748 Garur Sen
1748 - 1762 Bhikam Sen
1762 - 1791 Ranjit Sen
1791 - 1838 Bikram Sen II
1838 - 1876 Ugar Sen II
1876 - 1878 Rudra Sen
1878 - 1879 Arimardan Sen
1879 - 1908 Dasht Nikandan Sen
1908 - 1919 Bhim Sen
1919 - 1947 Lakshman Sen
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SUNDEM
1555 Sundem state founded.
Raja of Sundem
1763 - 1843 Sawai Basavalinga I Rajendra
Udaiyar
1843 Sadashiva II Rajendra Udaiyar
1843 - .... Vira Rajendra Udaiyar
.... - .... Sawai Basavalinga II Rajendra Udaiyar
.... - .... Sawai Vira Sadashiva Rajendra Udaiyar
.... - 1935 Basavalinga II Rajendra Udaiyar
1935 - 19.. ....
Sunth
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SURAT
1733 Mughal governor with style Kiladar establishes a quasi-independent state.
1759 British protectorate.
1763 Independence from Mughal empire under British suzerainty.
1842 State abolished, annexed to British India.
Nawab of Surat
1733-1746 Tegh Beg Khan "Mirza Gul"
1746-1747 Beglar Khan "Mirza Gada Beg"
1747-1748 Safdar Khan "Mirza Ghulam Mahmud" (1st time)
1748-1751 Mir Moin ud-din Muhammad Khan "Mian Achchan" (1st time)
1751-1758 Safdar Khan "Mirza Ghulam Mahmud" (2nd time)
1758-1758 'Ali Nawaz Khan
1758-1763 Mir Moin ud-din Muhammad Khan "Mian Achchan" (2nd time)
1763-1790 Mir Hafiz ud-din Ahmad Khan
1790-1799 Mir ud-din Muhammad Khan
1799-1821 Mir Nasir ud-din Muhammad Khan (surrendered ruling powers from 1800)
1821-1842 Mir Afzal ud-din Muhammad Khan
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SURGANA
bf.1800 Surgana state founded.
Deshmukh of Surgana1818 - 1819 Malhar Rao
1818 - 1820 Bhikaji Rao
1820 - 1854 Jashwant Rao I Bhikaji Rao
1854 - 1867 Ravi Rao
1867 - 1898 Shankar Rao Ravi Rao
1898 - 1930 Pratap Rao Shankar Rao
1930 - 1936 Jashwant Rao II Pratap Rao
1936 - 1947 Dhairyashitra Rao Jashwant Rao
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SURGUJA
Raja of Surguja
1678 - 1709 Baiha Dadu Singh
1709 - 1728 Balbhadra Singh I
1728 - 1749 Jaswat Singh
1749 - 1758 Bahadur Sigh
1760 - 17.. Sheo Singh
1792 - 1799 Ajit Singh
1799 - 1800 Balbhadra Singh II (1st time)
1800 - 1813 Lal Singram Singh
1813 - 1816 Balbhadra Singh II (2nd time)
1816 - 1820 Interregnum
1820 - 1851 Lal Amar Singh (from 1826 with personal style Maharaja)
1851 - 1879 Indrajit Singh
1879 - 1917 Raghunath Saran Singh Deo (from 1887 with personal style Maharaja,
from 1896 Maharaja Bahadur)
1917 - 1918 Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo (with hereditary style Maharaja)
Maharaja of Surguja
1918 - 1947 Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo
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Sutalia
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SWAT
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Srikalahasti
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